PreparasiI Katalis Nanomaterial dari Cangkang Kerang Darah (Anadara Granosa Linn) untuk Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah dengan Menggunakan Microwave

Ardiansah - Ardiansah, Hermin Hardyanti Utami, Shokhul Lutfi, Cherly Firdharini

Abstract

Salah satu pilihan pemanfaatan limbah cangkang kerang darah yaitu dapat digunakan untuk produksi biodiesel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karasteristik katalis dari cangkang kerang darah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi dengan menggunakan microwave dengan bahan baku jelantah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Bersarkan hasil analisa XRD menunjukkan puncak utama fase sudut 2θ pada 34.10˚ yang menunjukkan bahwa senyawa yang diperoleh adalah kalsium Hidroksida (Ca(OH)2), selain itu juga terdapat puncak difraksi sudut 2θ pada 64.20˚ yang menunjukkan bahwa juga terdapat senyawa kalsium oksida (CaO). Hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa cangkang kerang darah hasil kalsinasi mempunyai bentuk yang tidak seragam dan juga teragregasi sebagian dengan berdasarkan persamaan Sherrer diperoleh ukuran rata-rata kristal yaitu 23.77 nm. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan katalis cangkang kerang darah memiliki densitas 0,89 g/ml, Viskositas 4.05 mm2/s, Angka Asam 0.21 Mg KOH/g dan Gliserol Total sebesar 0.27 % massa dengan waktu optimum untuk produksi biodiesel yaitu pada menit ke 15 dengan konsentrasi 3 %wt/wt dengan perbandingan rasio mol minyak dan metanol yaitu 1: 12.

 

Abstract

One alternative method of processing the waste of clamshells is by utilizing it as the catalyst of biodiesel production. This research aims at finding the characteristics of catalysts made of the blood clamshells. The research applies the methods of esterification and Transesterification by using the microwave and the used cooking oil. The result of the research indicates that (1) based on the XRD analysis results it is known that the main peak of the angle phase of 30 in 34.10 degrees shows that the obtained compound is the Hydroxide Calcium (Ca(OH)2). Besides that, the peak of angle diffraction of 2θ on 64.20˚ indicates the existence of a calcium oxide compound. The result of SEM points out the shells of the blood clams as the result of calcination have ununiformed shapes and some of them are aggregated based on the Sherrer equation which produces average crystal sizes of 23.77 nm. The biodiesel fuel produced through the process of blood clamshell catalyst contains a density of 0.89 g/ml, a viscosity of 4.05 mm2 /s, an acid density of 0.21 Mg KOH/g, and total glycerol as much as  0.27%.  The mass with a maximum time of biodiesel production is on the minute of 15 with 3%wt/wt of concentration with the oil moll and methanol ratio of 1:12.

Keywords

Nanomaterial Catalyst, biodiesel, Anadara Granosa L, transesterification

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33536/jcpe.v7i1.1034

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